188 lines
6.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
188 lines
6.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
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mDNS 服务
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=========
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`en:[English] <https://espressif.github.io/esp-protocols/mdns/en/index.html>`_
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概述
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----
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mDNS 是一种组播 UDP 服务,用来提供本地网络服务和主机发现。
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绝大多数的操作系统默认都会安装 mDNS 服务,或者提供单独的安装包。``Mac OS`` 默认会安装名为 ``Bonjour`` 的服务(该服务基于 mDNS),此外 Apple 还发布了适用于 Windows 系统的安装程序,可以在 `官方支持 <https://support.apple.com/downloads/bonjour%2520for%2520windows>`_ 找到。在 ``Linux`` 上,mDNS 服务由 `avahi <https://github.com/lathiat/avahi>`_ 提供,通常也会被默认安装。
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mDNS 属性
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^^^^^^^^^
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* ``hostname``:设备会去响应的主机名,如果没有设置,会根据设备的网络接口名定义 ``hostname`` 。例如,``my-{IDF_TARGET_PATH_NAME}`` 会被解析为 ``my-{IDF_TARGET_PATH_NAME}.local``。
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* ``default_instance``:默认实例名(即易记的设备名),例如 ``Jhon's {IDF_TARGET_NAME} Thing``。如果没有设置,将会使用 ``hostname``。
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以下为 STA 接口启动 mDNS 服务并设置 ``hostname`` 和 ``default_instance`` 的示例方法:
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.. highlight:: c
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::
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void start_mdns_service()
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{
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// 初始化 mDNS 服务
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esp_err_t err = mdns_init();
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if (err) {
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printf("MDNS Init failed: %d\n", err);
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return;
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}
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// 设置 hostname
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mdns_hostname_set("my-{IDF_TARGET_PATH_NAME}");
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// 设置默认实例
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mdns_instance_name_set("Jhon's {IDF_TARGET_NAME} Thing");
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}
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mDNS 服务
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^^^^^^^^^
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mDNS 可以广播设备能够提供的网络服务的相关信息,每个服务会由以下属性构成。
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* ``instance_name``:实例名(即易记的服务名),例如 ``Jhon's {IDF_TARGET_NAME} Web Server``。如果没有定义,会使用 ``default_instance``。
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* ``service_type``:(必需)服务类型,以下划线为前缀,`这里 <http://www.dns-sd.org/serviceTypes.html>`_ 列出了常见的类型。
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* ``proto``:(必需)服务运行所依赖的协议,以下划线为前缀,例如 ``_tcp`` 或者 ``_udp``。
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* ``port``:(必需)服务运行所用的端口号。
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* ``txt``:形如 ``{var, val}`` 的字符串数组,用于定义服务的属性。
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添加一些服务和不同属性的示例方法::
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void add_mdns_services()
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{
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// 添加服务
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mdns_service_add(NULL, "_http", "_tcp", 80, NULL, 0);
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mdns_service_add(NULL, "_arduino", "_tcp", 3232, NULL, 0);
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mdns_service_add(NULL, "_myservice", "_udp", 1234, NULL, 0);
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// 注意:必须先添加服务,然后才能设置其属性
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// web 服务器使用自定义的实例名
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mdns_service_instance_name_set("_http", "_tcp", "Jhon's {IDF_TARGET_NAME} Web Server");
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mdns_txt_item_t serviceTxtData[3] = {
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{"board","{IDF_TARGET_PATH_NAME}"},
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{"u","user"},
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{"p","password"}
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};
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// 设置服务的文本数据(会释放并替换当前数据)
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mdns_service_txt_set("_http", "_tcp", serviceTxtData, 3);
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// 修改服务端口号
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mdns_service_port_set("_myservice", "_udp", 4321);
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}
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mDNS 查询
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^^^^^^^^^
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mDNS 提供查询服务和解析主机 IP/IPv6 地址的方法。
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服务查询的结果会作为 ``mdns_result_t`` 类型对象的链表返回。
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解析主机 IP 地址的示例方法::
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void resolve_mdns_host(const char * host_name)
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{
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printf("Query A: %s.local", host_name);
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struct ip4_addr addr;
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addr.addr = 0;
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esp_err_t err = mdns_query_a(host_name, 2000, &addr);
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if(err){
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if(err == ESP_ERR_NOT_FOUND){
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printf("Host was not found!");
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return;
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}
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printf("Query Failed");
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return;
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}
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printf(IPSTR, IP2STR(&addr));
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}
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解析本地服务的示例方法::
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static const char * if_str[] = {"STA", "AP", "ETH", "MAX"};
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static const char * ip_protocol_str[] = {"V4", "V6", "MAX"};
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void mdns_print_results(mdns_result_t * results){
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mdns_result_t * r = results;
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mdns_ip_addr_t * a = NULL;
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int i = 1, t;
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while(r){
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printf("%d: Interface: %s, Type: %s\n", i++, if_str[r->tcpip_if], ip_protocol_str[r->ip_protocol]);
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if(r->instance_name){
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printf(" PTR : %s\n", r->instance_name);
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}
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if(r->hostname){
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printf(" SRV : %s.local:%u\n", r->hostname, r->port);
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}
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if(r->txt_count){
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printf(" TXT : [%u] ", r->txt_count);
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for(t=0; t<r->txt_count; t++){
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printf("%s=%s; ", r->txt[t].key, r->txt[t].value);
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}
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printf("\n");
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}
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a = r->addr;
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while(a){
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if(a->addr.type == IPADDR_TYPE_V6){
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printf(" AAAA: " IPV6STR "\n", IPV62STR(a->addr.u_addr.ip6));
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} else {
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printf(" A : " IPSTR "\n", IP2STR(&(a->addr.u_addr.ip4)));
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}
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a = a->next;
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}
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r = r->next;
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}
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}
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void find_mdns_service(const char * service_name, const char * proto)
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{
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ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Query PTR: %s.%s.local", service_name, proto);
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mdns_result_t * results = NULL;
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esp_err_t err = mdns_query_ptr(service_name, proto, 3000, 20, &results);
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if(err){
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ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Query Failed");
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return;
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}
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if(!results){
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ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No results found!");
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return;
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}
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mdns_print_results(results);
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mdns_query_results_free(results);
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}
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使用上述方法的示例::
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void my_app_some_method(){
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// 搜索 {IDF_TARGET_PATH_NAME}-mdns.local
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resolve_mdns_host("{IDF_TARGET_PATH_NAME}-mdns");
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// 搜索 HTTP 服务器
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find_mdns_service("_http", "_tcp");
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// 或者搜索文件服务器
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find_mdns_service("_smb", "_tcp"); // Windows 系统的共享服务
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find_mdns_service("_afpovertcp", "_tcp"); // Apple AFP 文件共享服务
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find_mdns_service("_nfs", "_tcp"); // NFS 服务器
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find_mdns_service("_ftp", "_tcp"); // FTP 服务器
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// 或者网络打印机
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find_mdns_service("_printer", "_tcp");
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find_mdns_service("_ipp", "_tcp");
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}
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应用示例
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--------
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有关 mDNS 服务器和查询器的应用示例请参考 :example:`<../examples>`。
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API 参考
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--------
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.. include-build-file:: inc/mdns.inc
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